Black Woman Running in Boston House of Representatives
Barbara Jordan | |
---|---|
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 18th district | |
In office January 3, 1973 – January 3, 1979 | |
Preceded past | Bob Price |
Succeeded by | Mickey Leland |
Fellow member of the Texas Senate from the 11th district | |
In part January 10, 1967 – January 3, 1973 | |
Preceded past | Bill Moore |
Succeeded past | Chet Brooks |
Personal details | |
Born | Barbara Charline Jordan (1936-02-21)February 21, 1936 Houston, Texas, U.South. |
Died | January 17, 1996(1996-01-17) (anile 59) Austin, Texas, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Domestic partner | Nancy Earl (late 1960s–1996) |
Education | Texas Southern Academy (BA) Boston Academy (LLB) |
Barbara Charline Jordan (Feb 21, 1936 – January 17, 1996) was an American lawyer, educator[1] and political leader who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement. A Democrat, she was the starting time African American elected to the Texas Senate after Reconstruction and the offset Southern African-American woman elected to the U.s.a. House of Representatives.[two] Jordan is known for her eloquent opening statement[three] at the House Judiciary Committee hearings during the impeachment process against Richard Nixon. In 1976, she became the first African-American, and the starting time woman, to always evangelize a keynote accost at a Democratic National Convention. She received the Presidential Medal of Liberty, amid numerous other honors. She was the first African-American adult female to exist buried in the Texas State Cemetery.[iv] [five] Jordan is as well known for her work every bit chair of the U.Southward. Commission on Immigration Reform, which recommended reducing legal immigration by approximately ane-third.
Early life [edit]
Barbara Charline Jordan was built-in in Houston, Texas'south 5th Ward.[2] Hashemite kingdom of jordan's babyhood was centered on church life. Her mother was Arlyne Patten Hashemite kingdom of jordan, a teacher in the church,[1] [vi] and her father was Benjamin Jordan, a Baptist preacher. Through her mother, Hashemite kingdom of jordan was the swell-granddaughter of Edward Patton, who was one of the final African American members of the Texas House of Representatives prior to disenfranchisement of Blackness Texans under Jim Crow. Barbara Jordan was the youngest of three children,[1] with siblings Rose Mary Jordan McGowan and Bennie Jordan Creswell (1933–2000). Hashemite kingdom of jordan attended Roberson Elementary School.[vi] She graduated from Phillis Wheatley Loftier School in 1952 with honors.[i] [six] [7]
Hashemite kingdom of jordan credited a speech she heard in her high schoolhouse years past Edith Due south. Sampson with inspiring her to go an chaser.[8] Because of segregation, she could not attend The Academy of Texas at Austin and instead chose Texas Southern University, an historically-black establishment, majoring in political science and history. At Texas Southern University, Jordan was a national champion debater, defeating opponents from Yale and Brown, and tying Harvard University.[6] She graduated magna cum laude in 1956.[6] [seven] At Texas Southern Academy, she pledged Delta Gamma affiliate of Delta Sigma Theta sorority.[vi] She attended Boston University Schoolhouse of Law, graduating in 1959.[vi] [7]
Jordan taught political scientific discipline at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama for a twelvemonth.[6] In 1960, she returned to Houston and started a private constabulary practice.[6]
Political career [edit]
Hashemite kingdom of jordan campaigned unsuccessfully in 1962 and 1964 for the Texas House of Representatives.[9] She won a seat in the Texas Senate in 1966, condign the first African-American state senator in Texas since 1883 and the first blackness woman to serve in that body.[9] Re-elected to a full term in the Texas Senate in 1968, she served until 1972. She was the first African-American female to serve as president pro tempore of the state senate and served one mean solar day, June 10, 1972, every bit interim governor of Texas.[10] [11] Hashemite kingdom of jordan was the first African-American woman to serve as governor of a state.[12] During her time in the Texas Legislature, Jordan sponsored or cosponsored some 70 bills.[13]
In 1972, she was elected to the U.Southward. House of Representatives, the first woman elected in her own correct to represent Texas in the House. She received extensive support from former President Lyndon B. Johnson, who helped her secure a position on the Firm Judiciary Committee. In 1974, she made an influential televised spoken communication before the Firm Judiciary Commission supporting the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, Johnson's successor as president.[fourteen] In 1975, she was appointed by Carl Albert, so Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, to the Democratic Steering and Policy Committee.
In 1976, Jordan, mentioned as a possible running mate to Jimmy Carter of Georgia,[9] became instead the showtime African-American woman to deliver a keynote address at the Democratic National Convention.[ix] Despite not beingness a candidate, Hashemite kingdom of jordan received one delegate vote (0.03%) for president at the Convention.[15]
In November 1977, Barbara Jordan spoke at the 1977 National Women'south Briefing. Other speakers included Rosalynn Carter, Betty Ford, Lady Bird Johnson, Bella Abzug, Audrey Colom, Claire Randall, Gerridee Wheeler, Cecilia Burciaga, Gloria Steinem, Lenore Hershey and Jean O'Leary.[xvi]
Jordan retired from politics in 1979 and became an adjunct professor pedagogy ethics at the University of Texas at Austin Lyndon B. Johnson Schoolhouse of Public Affairs. She was again a keynote speaker at the Democratic National Convention in 1992.
In 1994, Clinton awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the NAACP presented her with the Spingarn Medal.[ane] She was honored many times and was given over xx honorary degrees from institutions across the land, including Harvard and Princeton, and was elected to the Texas and National Women's Halls of Fame.[i]
Statement on the Articles of Impeachment [edit]
On July 25, 1974, Jordan delivered a 15-minute televised speech in front of the members of the U.Due south. Firm Judiciary Commission.[17] She presented an opening speech during the hearings that were office of the impeachment process against Richard Nixon.[17] This speech is idea to exist i of the greatest speeches of 20th-century American history.[xviii] Throughout her speech, Jordan strongly stood by the Constitution of the United states of america. She defended the checks and balances system, which was ready in identify to inhibit any politician from abusing their power.[17] Jordan never flat out said that she wanted Nixon impeached, but rather subtly and cleverly implied her thoughts.[nineteen] She simply stated facts that proved Nixon to be untrustworthy and heavily involved in illegal situations,[19] and quoted the drafters of the Constitution to argue that deportment like Nixon'southward during the scandal corresponded with their understanding of impeachable offenses.[20] She protested that the Watergate scandal will forever ruin the trust American citizens have for their government.[nineteen] This powerful and influential statement earned Jordan national praise for her rhetoric, morals, and wisdom.[17]
Legislation [edit]
Jordan supported the Community Reinvestment Human activity of 1977, legislation that required banks to lend and make services available to underserved poor and minority communities. She supported the renewal of the Voting Rights Human activity of 1965 and expansion of that act to cover language minorities; this extended protection to Hispanics in Texas and was opposed by Texas Governor Dolph Briscoe and Secretary of Country Mark White. She also authored an act that ended federal authorization of cost fixing by manufacturers. Hashemite kingdom of jordan was also a proponent of the Equal Rights Subpoena and issued a statement in support of extending the deadline in 1979.[21] During Jordan's tenure as a Congresswoman, she sponsored or cosponsored over 300 bills or resolutions, several of which are still in effect today as police force.[13]
U.S. Commission on Clearing Reform [edit]
From 1994 until her death, Jordan chaired the U.Due south. Committee on Immigration Reform. The commission recommended that full immigration be cutting past i-third to approximately 550,000 per year. The commission supported increasing enforcement against undocumented migrants and their employers, eliminating visa preferences for siblings and adult children of U.South. citizens, and ending unskilled clearing except for refugees and nuclear families. The commission'south report to Congress said that information technology was "a right and responsibility of a democratic society to manage immigration so that it serves the national involvement", concluded that "legal immigration has strengthened and tin can continue to strengthen this state" and "decrie[d] hostility and discrimination against immigrants as antithetical to the traditions and interests of the country." The commission recommended that the United states of america reduce the number of refugees admitted annually to a floor of 50,000 (this level would be lifted during emergencies).[22] [23] [24] [25]
The recommendations made by the U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform under Hashemite kingdom of jordan's leadership are frequently cited by American immigration restrictionists.[26] [27]
Personal life [edit]
The U.S. National Archives described Barbara Hashemite kingdom of jordan as the beginning LGBTQ+ woman in Congress.[28] Jordan's partner of approximately twenty years was Nancy Earl,[29] an educational psychologist who met Jordan on a camping trip in the belatedly 1960s.[seven] [9] Earl was an occasional speechwriter for Jordan,[30] and after cared for Hashemite kingdom of jordan when Jordan began to suffer from multiple sclerosis in 1973.[31] While the Houston Relate obituary of Jordan identified Earl as her "longtime companion",[32] and while other sources have stated that Earl was Hashemite kingdom of jordan's same-sex partner,[32] [33] [31] [7] [9] neither adult female is known to have publicly stated that the two had a romantic human relationship.[33] [34] [9]
In the KUT-FM radio documentary Rediscovering Barbara Jordan, President Pecker Clinton said that he had wanted to nominate Jordan for the U.s. Supreme Courtroom, merely by the time he could do so, Jordan's health problems prevented him from nominating her.[35] Jordan also suffered from leukemia.[36]
On July 31, 1988, Hashemite kingdom of jordan nearly drowned in her backyard swimming puddle while doing physical therapy, but she was saved by Earl, who plant her floating in the pool and revived her.[37]
Expiry and burial [edit]
Jordan died at the historic period of 59 of complications from pneumonia on Jan 17, 1996, in Austin, Texas.[36] She was afterwards cached in the Texas State Cemetery.[38] She was the first African American to receive this honour, and previously advocated African Americans to be buried in the land cemetery when she served in the Texas State Senate.[39] Jordan's grave rests near that of the "Father of Texas" Stephen F. Austin.[39]
Recognition and legacy [edit]
- 1984: Inducted into the Texas Women'due south Hall of Fame
- 1990: Inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame
- 1992: The Spingarn Medal from the NAACP[xl]
- 1993: The Elizabeth Blackwell Accolade from Hobart and William Smith Colleges
- 1994: The Presidential Medal of Freedom
- 1995: The second e'er female awardee of the The states Military Academy'due south Sylvanus Thayer Award[41]
Hashemite kingdom of jordan's 1974 statement on the articles of impeachment (regarding President Richard Nixon) was listed as #13 in American Rhetoric'due south Superlative 100 Speeches of the 20th Century (listed by rank).[42] [43]
Jordan'southward 1976 Autonomous National Convention keynote address, the first major convention keynote speech always past a woman and the kickoff by an African American, was listed as #5 in American Rhetoric's Elevation 100 Speeches of the 20th Century (listed by rank).[42]
Jordan was a member of the Peabody Awards Board of Jurors from 1978 to 1980.[44] [ improve source needed ]
Texas [edit]
The main terminal at Austin-Bergstrom International Airport is named after Hashemite kingdom of jordan. The airport likewise features a statue of Jordan past artist Bruce Wolfe.[ citation needed ]
A boulevard in key Austin is named after Jordan. Several schools bear her proper name, including elementary schools in Dallas, Texas, Odessa, Texas, and Austin, Texas, Barbara Hashemite kingdom of jordan Early College Prep School, an elementary school in Richmond, Texas, Barbara C. Jordan Intermediate School, a middle school in Cibolo, Texas, Barbara Jordan High School in Houston, and The Barbara Jordan Plant for Policy Enquiry at her undergraduate alma mater Texas Southern Academy. There is likewise a park named after Hashemite kingdom of jordan in Needville, Texas (The Barbara Jordan Park).[ citation needed ]
The Kaiser Family unit Foundation operates the Barbara Jordan Health Policy Scholars, a fellowship designed for people of colour who are college juniors, seniors, and recent graduates as a summertime experience working in a congressional office.[ commendation needed ]
Missouri [edit]
An simple schoolhouse in University City School District is named after her, Barbara C. Jordan Elementary in Academy City, Missouri.[ commendation needed ]
Other honors [edit]
In 2000, the Jordan/Rustin Coalition (JRC) was created,[45] honoring Jordan and Bayard Rustin, a leader in the civil rights movement and close confidante of Martin Luther King Jr. The arrangement mobilized gay and lesbian African Americans to aid in the passage of union equality in the state of California. According to its website, "the mission [of the JRC] is to empower Black same-gender loving, lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender individuals and families in Greater Los Angeles, to promote equal union rights and to abet for fair treatment of everyone without regard to race, sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression."
On March 27, 2000, a play based on Jordan'south life premiered at the Victory Garden Theater in Chicago, Illinois.[46] Titled, "Voice of Practiced Hope", Kristine Thatcher'due south biographical evocation of Jordan's life played in theaters from San Francisco to New York.[47]
On April 24, 2009, a statue of Barbara Jordan was unveiled at the University of Texas at Austin, where Jordan taught at the fourth dimension of her expiry. The Barbara Jordan statue campaign was paid for by a student fee increase approved by the Academy of Texas Lath of Regents. The endeavor was originally spearheaded by the 2002–2003 Tappee class of the Texas Orange Jackets, the "oldest women's organisation at the Academy" (of Texas at Austin).[48]
In 2011, the Barbara Jordan Forever Postage stamp was issued. It is the 34th postage in the Blackness Heritage series of U.S. stamps.[49]
In 2012, Jordan was inducted into the Legacy Walk, an outdoor public display which celebrates LGBT history and people.[50]
The Barbara Jordan Media Awards are given annually to media professionals and students who "have produced material for the public which accurately and positively reports on individuals with disabilities, using People First language and respectful depictions".[51]
The Barbara Jordan Public-Private Leadership Award is presented by Texas Southern University's School of Public Affairs and School of Law. Its get-go recipient was erstwhile U.S. Secretarial assistant of State Hillary Clinton, on June four, 2015.[52]
The onetime sorting facility in downtown Houston was renamed the Barbara Jordan Post Part.[53]
In the years post-obit Hashemite kingdom of jordan'due south passing, more African Americans would receive the honor of beingness buried in the Texas State Cemetery as well, including musical artists James Henry Cotton fiber and Barbara Smith Conrad.[54]
Run across besides [edit]
- History of the African-Americans in Houston
- List of African-American United States representatives
- List of get-go women lawyers and judges in Texas
- Texas African American History Memorial, Texas State Capitol
- Women in the Us House of Representatives
References [edit]
- ^ a b c d due east f Finkelman, Paul (2009). Encyclopedia of African American History 1896 to the Nowadays: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-First Century. New York: Oxford Academy Press. pp. 59–61. ISBN978-0-19-516779-five.
- ^ a b Clines, Francis X. "Barbara Hashemite kingdom of jordan Dies at 59; Her Voice Stirred the Nation". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 22, 2016.
- ^ "JORDAN, Barbara Charline | US Business firm of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.business firm.gov . Retrieved October 22, 2016.
- ^ "Barbara Jordan". Humanities Texas . Retrieved Feb 18, 2016.
...When she died, in 1996, her burial in the Texas State Cemetery marked all the same some other first: she was the commencement blackness woman interred at that place.
- ^ Wilson, Scott. Resting Places: The Burying Sites of More Than fourteen,000 Famous Persons, 3d ed.: 2 (Kindle Location 24267). McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Kindle Edition
- ^ a b c d e f m h i "Barbara Jordan". Archived from the original on July 16, 2011. Retrieved 2009-05-23 .
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) at Beejae.com - ^ a b c d due east "Contour: Barbara Hashemite kingdom of jordan (1936–1996)". Archived from the original on Nov xiv, 2008. Retrieved 2009-05-23 .
{{cite spider web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) at Human Rights Campaign - ^ Ross, Irwin (February 1977). "Barbara Jordan-New Vocalization in Washington". The Reader'south Digest: 148–152.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Stateswoman Barbara Jordan – A Closeted Lesbian". Planet Out. Archived from the original on December xiv, 2007. Retrieved July 12, 2007.
- ^ "Blackness Woman in Texas Is Governor for a Day (Published 1972)". The New York Times. June 11, 1972. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ "Today in Texas History: Governor Barbara Jordan?". Texas on the Potomac. June 10, 2010. Archived from the original on May 28, 2018. Retrieved February 28, 2021.
- ^ "WFAA Academy: Houston's Barbara Jordan became the first black woman elected into the Texas Country Senate". wfaa.com.
- ^ a b Barbara Jordan Papers, Special Collections, Texas Southern Academy, October 15, 2015.
- ^ "Barbara C. Jordan". History.com. 2009. Retrieved May 7, 2015.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - The states President - D Convention Race - Jul 12, 1976". Retrieved July 4, 2015.
- ^ "1977 National Women's Conference: A Question of Choices," 1977-11-21, The Walter J. Brown Media Archives & Peabody Awards Drove at the University of Georgia, American Archive of Public Dissemination
- ^ a b c d "Barbara C. Jordan Profile", The History Channel, A&Due east Television Networks, LLC. 1996-2013. Accessed October 5, 2013.
- ^ "American Rhetoric: Pinnacle 100 Speeches", American Rhetoric Website, 2001-2013. Accessed v Oct 2013.
- ^ a b c "Mr. Newman's Digital Rhetorical Symposium: Barbara Jordan: Statement on the Articles of Impeachment, Newman Rhetoric Blogging Website, 2010. Accessed 5 Oct 2013.
- ^ "Statement on the Articles of Impeachment". American Historic. Retrieved Nov iii, 2018.
- ^ "A statement by Representative Barbara Jordan on May 18, 1978, requesting an extension of the 1979 deadline for ERA ratification". Digital Public Library of America . Retrieved August 1, 2021.
- ^ Seales, Take a chance (January 30, 2018). "Dems Weren't Always Pro-immigration - Simply Ask The Jordan Committee". Newsy.
- ^ "Trump's Misuse of Barbara Jordan's Legacy on Immigration - The Eye for Migration Studies of New York (CMS)". The Center for Migration Studies of New York (CMS) . Retrieved Feb vii, 2018.
- ^ Pear, Robert (June 8, 1995). "Clinton Embraces a Proposal To Cut Immigration by a 3rd". The New York Times.
- ^ Chang, Howard Fenghau (1998). Migration as international trade: the economic gains from the liberalized movement of labor. University of Southern California Police force School.
- ^ "Why does a NumbersUSA advertisement include a clip from 1995?". The Boston World . Retrieved Nov three, 2018.
- ^ "Was Barbara Hashemite kingdom of jordan a 'White Nationalist'? | National Review". National Review. August 3, 2017. Retrieved November iii, 2018.
- ^ Bartgis, Rachel (June x, 2021). Kratz, Jessie (ed.). "LGBTQ+ History Month: Barbara Jordan". Pieces of History. U.Due south. National Archives. Archived from the original on July ane, 2021.
- ^ Smith, Dirt (February 12, 1999). "2 Bios of Barbara". The Austin Chronicle . Retrieved July three, 2020.
- ^ Elliott, Bister (Dec 13, 2020). "Congresswoman Barbara Hashemite kingdom of jordan broke down barriers for Black Texans, women". Houston Chronicle.
- ^ a b "Barbara Jordan Biography". Barbara Jordan Biography.
- ^ a b Marie, Sondra Rose (October 23, 2020). "LGBTQ History: Barbara Jordan".
- ^ a b Tungol, J. R. (October 20, 2012). "LGBT History Calendar month Icon Of The Day: Barbara Jordan". HuffPost.
- ^ "2 Bios of Barbara". www.austinchronicle.com.
- ^ Transcript of Rediscovering Barbara Jordan Archived July 24, 2008, at the Wayback Car, KUT.org, February 8, 2006. Retrieved November four, 2006.
- ^ a b "Barbara Hashemite kingdom of jordan dies at 59". nytimes.com . Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- ^ "Barbara Jordan is hospitalized". nytimes.com . Retrieved March seven, 2015.
- ^ "Barbara Charline Jordan". Texas State Cemetery. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
- ^ a b "Barbara Jordan Remembered". Texas Highway Magazine. August 12, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
- ^ "NAACP Spingarn Medal". Archived from the original on August 2, 2014. Retrieved November 29, 2014.
- ^ "Barbara Jordan Sylvanus Thayer Award". Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- ^ a b Michael E. Eidenmuller (February 13, 2009). "Height 100 Speeches of the 20th Century by Rank". American Rhetoric. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ^ Michael E. Eidenmuller (July 25, 1974). "Barbara Jordan - Statement on Firm Judiciary Proceedings to Impeach President Richard Nixon". American Rhetoric. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ^ "George Foster Peabody Awards Board Members". www.peabodyawards.com. Archived from the original on March thirty, 2019. Retrieved May 13, 2015.
- ^ "Jordan/Rustin Coalition". jrcla.org. September xx, 2010. Archived from the original on Oct 2, 2010. Retrieved September xx, 2010.
- ^ Thatcher, Kristine (2004). Voice of Good Hope . Dramatists Play Service, Inc. ISBN0-8222-1960-3.
- ^ Siegel, Naomi. "THEATER REVIEW; She Had a Vocalism That Resonates Even so", The New York Times, November 24, 2002. Retrieved November 20, 2008.
- ^ Sanders, Joshunda (April 20, 2009). "Jordan'southward statue to grace UT campus: Dedication of Barbara Jordan statue on Friday will include a weeklong commemoration". Statesman.com. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
- ^ "Postage honors political trailblazer Barbara Jordan". ABC13 Houston . Retrieved November 29, 2014.
- ^ Victor Salvo // The Legacy Project. "2012 INDUCTEES". Retrieved November 29, 2014.
- ^ "Barbara Jordan Media Awards - Office of the Texas Governor - Greg Abbott". gov.texas.gov.
- ^ "Houston Forward Times". forwardtimesonline.com.
- ^ de Luna, Marcy (September twenty, 2016). "Developer has mega mixed-use plans for defunct downtown post office, call it Post HTX". Culture Map Houston . Retrieved February 2, 2020.
- ^ Barnes, Michael (June 7, 2021). "Texas History: The Texas Country Cemetery shapes its identity for 21st century". Austin American-Statesman. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
Further reading [edit]
Rogers, Mary Beth. 1998. Barbara Jordan: American hero.
External links [edit]
- United States Congress. "Barbara Jordan (id: J000266)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Jordan's Statement on the Articles of Impeachment During the Nixon Impeachment Hearings in Text and Audio from AmericanRhetoric.com
- Jordan'southward 1976 Democratic National Convention Keynote Accost in Text and Audio from AmericanRhetoric.com
- Jordan's 1992 Democratic National Convention Address Transcript from AmericanRhetoric.com
- Barbara Hashemite kingdom of jordan, Governor of Texas for a twenty-four hour period, program of ceremonies, June 10, 1972, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
- Interview with Max Sherman, editor of Barbara Jordan – Speaking the Truth with Eloquent Thunder on kaisernetwork.org
- Oral History Interviews with Barbara Jordan, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library
- The Texas Experience - Barbara Hashemite kingdom of jordan Presents Lyndon Baines Johnson , from the Texas Archive of the Moving Image
- Special Collections, Texas Southern University
- This American Life: Before Things Went to Hell, Act Ane, January xiii, 2019
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Barbara Hashemite kingdom of jordan at Detect a Grave
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Jordan
0 Response to "Black Woman Running in Boston House of Representatives"
Enregistrer un commentaire